Vehicle headlight with several removable full-beam electric lamps



Nov. 7,1944.- H, swANsdN 2,362,174 I VEHICLE HEADLIGHT WI'I H SEVERAL REMOVABLE FULL-BEAM ELECTRIC LAMPS Filed March 25, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Witnesses: Inventor Nov. 7, 1944. H. swANsoN 2,362,174

VEHICLE HEADLIGHT WITH SEVERAL REMOVABLE FULL-BEAM ELECTRIC LAMPS Filed March 25, 1943' 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Witnesses: Inve ntor' NOW 1944. H. SWANSON 2,352,174

VEHICLE HEADLIQHT W ITH SEVERAL REMOVABLE.FULL-BEAMELECTRIC LAMPS I Filed March 25, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IOI " Fi m Witnesses} I I I Inve nfor' 9W 4 Nov. 7, 1944. sw s 2,362,174

VEHICLE HEADLIGHTv WITH SEVERAL REMOVABLE FULL-BEAM ELECTRIC LAMPS- Filed March 25, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig, M

Witnesses-- I I I 9/ 1 6 I I C Maw/MU Inveptbr NOV. 7, 1944. SWANSQN -2,362, 174

VEHICLE HEADLIGHT WITH SEVERAL REMOVABLE FULL-BEAM ELECTRIC LAMPS Filed March 25, 1 943 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Inventor Patented Nov. 7, 1944 VEHICLE HEADLIGHT WITH SEVERAL RE-, MOVABLE FULL-BEAM ELECTRIC LAMPS Harold Swanson, Brownhelm Township, Lorain County, Ohio Application March 25, 1943, Serial No. 480,423-

Claims.

This invention relates to improvements to increase the eflective illumination produced by vehicle headlights and similar articles, but more particularly those electric lamps used in automobile headlights which uses focusing type electric lamps.

One object of this invention is to show a practical means of constructing a headlight electric lamp with optical elements that completely surround the lamps light source and gathering such light produced into a concentrated beam which is projected by means of a headlight lens in a receptacle to the roadway for such vehicle.

A further object is that this application, together with my copending applications Serial Numbers 480,420; 480,421; 480,422; 480,424 and 480,425, filed March, 1943, is a continuation in part of my full-beam electric lamp application Serial Number 402,778, filed July 17, 1941, in which nearly an exact duplicated description of these inventions were originally presented. The feature which is generic to all these inventions is the full-beam retracting element and its adaptation in construction, andoperation to gather the light in nearly all directions from a light source into a concentrated beam, as applied to electric lamps; howeveron account of the present Patent Ofllce regulations restricting the limitations presented in a single application, it was necessary to segregate these applications.

A further object is to show that certain improvements set forth in my original application Serial Number 744,598, filed Sept. 18, 1934, and

subsequently continued through the following:

Patent Number 2,097,679, patented Nov. 2, 1937, Patent Number 2,137,732, patented Nov. 22, 193 2, Patent Number 2,154,542, patented April 18, 193 I, Patent Number 2,222,093, patented Nov. 19, 1940, are adaptable to make vehicle headlight fullbeam electric lamps and similar articles.

A further object is that this invention is'a,

A further object is that many features or im-- provements used in connection with my copending applications, previously referred to, can be used to advantage with this application, particu larly the full-beam retracting elements and the many cross combinations possibleby their substitution herein.

Other'objects of this invention will app ar more fully described and illustrated hereinafter. Fig. 1 is a sectional view of three full-beam electric lamps adapted to vehicle headlight use.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the external contacts of the device in Fig. 1. a

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of an individual vehicle headlight. full-beam electric lamp.

Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 are elevational and sectional views of the full-beam retracting elements for a vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp.

Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 are elevational and sectional views of the inner full-beam refracting elements for a vehicle headlight full-beam electriclamp.

Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 are enlarged lightpropagation diagrammatic views of the full-beam refracting elements for a vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp. 7

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the vehicle headlight rotated ninety degrees (90") from the view in Fig. 1.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the three full-beam electric lamps mounted to the vehicle headlight in projection from the view in Fig. 12.

Referring to Fig. l which is a sectional view of a vehicle headlight receptacle with three vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamps therein; having three individual vehicle headlight fullbeam electric lamps I, 2, and 3 (see Fig. 3 for details), with each lamp having its filament designed respectively for, a near or passing beam, a far or rural driving beam, and a parking or twilight driving beam; the lamps I, 2, and 3 are held in place by three socket clasps respectively 4, 5,,and 6 each of which are made to the same width as part .2I in Fig. 2, from a strip of sheet spring bronze, being formed to the shape and perforated as shown, and then soldered or spotwelded to a brass or copper strip I which is also the same width as part 2| and is perforated with holes-to fit the screws 8 and 9, and the bush ings II), II, and I2; the center contact plungers (see Fig. 3 part of each lamp I, 2, and 3 are encased by three brass tubular sockets I3, I4, and I5 that are each slotted lengthwise to /2 or of their length by slots in Fig. 2 at I6, I1, and I8,

forming two or more prongs in each socket, which are bent slightly inward to insure contact against the lamp plungers; the sockets l3, I4, and I5, can be made as individual pieces and soldered, brazed, or spot-welded to the brass center contact connectors I 9, 24, and 2 I, or they can be formed and perforated from the same sheet of brass as shown spherical refracting.

other suitable cement, two brass screws 8 and 9 each formed with a thin-flanged head as shown and fitted with brass hexagonal nuts 26, 21, 28, and 29 respectively; the center contact connectors I9, 20, and 2| are coated on their under surfaces with a .fllm of rubber cement, or any other suitable cement, to act as a gasket in contactwith the glass bowl 25; then the insulating strip 22, with washers 23 and 24, and the copper strip 1 together with clasps 4, 5, and 6, and bushings IO, N, and I2, are all placed over the connectors I8, 20, and 2|, and screws 3 and 9, being securely fastened in place by tightening nuts 26 and 21 metically sealed by glass fusion, or cemented with the bowl 25 at 32 and 33; thenthe lamps I, 2, and 3, are forced into the clasps 4, 5, and 6, and sockets l3, l4, and I5, with the dust rings (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 12, parts 8| and 82) pressin a ainst the bottom of the bowl 25; the extra hexagonal nuts 28 and 29, together with the brass screws 34, 35, and 36,- and their respective brass hexagonal nuts 31, 38, and 39 fastened to the connectors I9, 20, and 2| are provided for connecting with the electric supply lines.

, In Fig. 1, the space provided between the hexagonal nuts 21 and 29 on bolt 9, is for attaching an electrical supply line connection which serves as the ground or common connection for all of the lamps bymaking electric contact with hexa onal nut 21, thence to strip 1, thence to clasps 4, 5, and 6, and thence to the lamp base 55 .(see Figs. 3 and Fig. 12) of each lamp l, 2, and 3. The spaces provided between the heads of the screws 34, 35, and 36, and connectors I9, 28, and 2| respectively, are for attaching the other electrical supply line connections which serves to make electrical contact respectively with connectors I9, 28, or 2|, thence to sockets l3, H, or l5, and

thence to the center plunger (see Fig. 3) on each of the lamps l,'2, or 3.

The lamps I, 2, and 3, are lighted electrically in parallel circuit, to light, individually, in a pair or all together. Lamp I is lighted with electrical supply lines connecting on bolt 9 and screw 38; lamp 2 is lighted with electrical supply lines connecting on bolt 9 and screw 34; and lamp 3 is lighted with electrical supply lines connecting on bolt 8 and screw 35. Referring to Fig. 2 which is a plan view of the center contact'socket connectors I9, 20, and 2|, showing how each is constructed to connect with the lamps l, 2, and 3 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 13. Referring to Fig. 3 which is an enlarged sec Y tional view of a vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp; having two v hollow metal wires 40 and 4| being the lead-in wires with notched openings cut through the walls at 32 and 43; the ends of a coiled electric lamp filament 44 being inserted into'the ends of the hollow metal wires 48 and 4 which are clamped or spot-welded together at 45 and 46 to form the filament mount; two hemlelements 41 and 48 (see Fig. '7 to Fig. 9 for details) being made from heat resisting glass, are coated on their junction surfaces with a film of suitable glass fusing material, into which the filame t mount is positioned, enclosed, and hermetically sealed by glass fusion at 49 and II to form the inner full-beam refracting element assembly, which is exhausted to a vacuum, or exhausted and filled with an inert gas, at either low or high pressures, through the hollow metal wires '40 and 4| which are swaged or flattened to form the preliminary seals at 5| and 52 and later electric welded, or otherwise closed air tight, after which the notched openings are cut through the walls at 53 and 54; the inner full-beam refracting element assembly is inserted into a thin wall metal tube 55, that serves as the electric lamp base, through a large countersunk feathered edge hole at 55, in alignment with the small hole at 51, and soldered together with the hollow. metal wire 4| at 51; the metal tube 55 is made of copper with mitered form fitting ends 58, 59, 60, and 6| that are beveled to a feathered edge at 82, 83, 64, and 65 to facilitate hermetic sealing; two outer half full:

beam refracting elements 66 and 61 (see Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 for details) being made from heat resisting glass, are coated with a film of suitable glass fusing material encircling them at 68 and 69, and hermetically sealed by glass fusion with the metal tube 55; a copper contact socket plunger 18 haveral such types dust tight contact with ing a hole at 1| and a thin flange 12 that is beveled to a feathered edge at 13, then coated and fused with a thick film of suitable glass fusing material at 14 for insulation and hermetic sealing purposes, and is slipped over and soldered with the hollow metal wire 40 at 15, and hermetically sealed by glass fusion with the metal tube 55 at 56, 16, and 14; then the lamp is exhausted to a vacuum, or-exhausted and filled with an inert gas (argon) or heat dissipating gas (hydrogen), at either low or high pressures, up to a safe working pressure, through the hollow metal wires 48 and 4| which are swaged or flattened and cut off to form the preliminary seals at 11 and 18; later the final seals at 19 and 8Bare made by soldering, brazin electric, welding, or otherwise closing the ends air tight; the soft rubber dust rings 8| and 82 are forced over the ends of the outer full-beam refracting elements 66 and 61 spanning parts 4, 5, or 6, and'1, and I9,

the glass surface of bowl 25 in Fig. 1. and Fig. 12. The metal tube 55, or the plunger 10, can be made from any suitable metal that will hermetically seal with glass; sevof metals are now known; one being an alloy of approximately nickel with iron, which is formed to its finished shape and finally copper plated to facilitate hermetic sealing with glass; another type of metal is stainless steel having from 2'1 to 30% chromium.

- In Fig. 3 when the inner full-beam refracting element assembly is sealed airtight, the metal tube 55, and the plunger 10 can be cemented in place so as to be dust tight without being actually air tight, thereby'eliminatlng exhaust operations as atmospheric air is enclosed therein; also the metal from which parts 55 and 18 are made, can be any other suitable metal such as brass, which is difficult to hermetically seal with glass.

Another feature of the lamp in Fig. 3, is'that the inner full-beam refracting element assembly can be made without exhausting and sealing inflattening andsealing at 5| and 52.

20, or 2|, and 22in Fig.1 to make a Referring to Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 collectively which shows the retracting elements for a vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp; having two half full-beam'refracting elements 83 and 84 being made from heat resisting glass; each element 83 or 84 having a cylindrical boss,85 with its end formed into a convex lens surface at 88, and being miter joined to a cylindrical body 81, both of which are mitered to form a 90 (approximate) prism light reflecting surface at 88; the end of the cylindrical body 81 is a cone frustum whose flanks form a 120 (approximate) prism light reflecting surface at 89 for light-rays radiating from the ,center of the light source chamber; the inner end of the cylindrical body 81 is recessed into a light source chamber with cone frustum surfaces at 90 and SI; lead-in wire grooves are formed at 82 and 93. Elements 83 and 84 are constructed around the equatorial axis and the polar axis.

Referring to Fig. -7 to Fig. 9 collectively which shows enlarged views of the inner retracting elements for a full-beam electric lamp; having two half full-beam retracting elements 94 and 95 each being a hemisphere made from heat resisting glass and fitting together on their center line Junction surfaces at 88; each element 84 or 95 having a light source chamber which is formed into a small convex lens surface at 81 with the other inner surfaces at 98 formed into a cone frustum whose flanks'are shaped to a convex lens cross-section; lead-in wire grooves are formed at 99 and I00. Elements 94 and 95 are constructed around the equatorial axis.

Whenever the words equatorial axis" or polar axis are used herein, like in the two preceding paragraphs, they are intended to have the same meaning as qualified in optics with coordinates in or about revolution such as the two axes of a ninety-degree (90) reflecting prism.

Before proceeding to describe Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, it might be well to state that these illustrations represent only one set of diagrams. The set of diagrams are for the same light source and full-beam refracting elements, which have the same identifying numbers in both diagrams. The difference between diagrams of the set being the light-ray lines, which are shown separately in two diagrams, rather thansuperimposed upon one another in one diagram, thereby avoiding graphic confusion.

In Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, when drawing the lightray lines in each diagram, the refractive index of one and six-tenths (1.6) was used. This refractive index approximates a sodium D-ray (5893 Angstroms) in-medium silicate-flint glass. This refractive index would make a critical angle of thirty-eight degrees and forty-two minutes (38 42') for glass to air refraction, and any light-ray whose angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, would refract back into the glass like reflection on a back surfaced mirror (a common looking glass) however inasmuch as all reflecting surfaces can be mirror coated, the critical angle limits can be disregarded in these dia grams. By keeping in mind that each arrowed line in the diagrams represents the approximate path of a light-ray, and that other light-rays approximately parallel to these lines are also propagating with them, then these diagrams are self-explanatory merely showing the paths of ,th light-rays. I

Referring to Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 which are anlarged diagrammatic views showing the light propagation within a vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp; having the outer full-beam refracting elements IOI and I02 (similar to elements 88 and 81 in Fig. 3) surrounding the inner full-beam refracting element I03 (similar to elements 4'! and 48 in Fig. 3) which encloses the light source I04. In Fig. 10, the light-rays are shown by arrowed lines I05 (several dozen shown) radiating from tangent surface points of the light source I04. In Fig. 11, the light-rays are shown by arrowedlines I06 (several dozen shown) radiating from surface points at the center of the light source I04. Lines I05 illustrate the propagation of light-rays radiating from points on one extreme edge of the light source I04 in clockwise fashion, and when viewed within a mirror, they appear from the other extreme edge in counter-clockwise fashion; while lines I08 illustrate light-rays from the center or half way between these two extremes; then it is obvious that light-rays from any other point on the light source I 04, would propagate (in lines somewhere between lines I05 and I06. Lightradiating from the light source I04 emerges from elements IOI and I02 in two conical beams which blend into a single conical beam a few feetdistant from the lamp.

Referring to Fig. 12 which is a sectional view of the vehicle headlight rotated ninety degrees (90) from the view in Fig. 1, having the parts identified by the same numbers as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 13 which is a plan view of the three full-beam electric lamps mounted to the vehicle headlight in projection from the view in Fig. 12, having the parts identified by thesame numbers as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 12- the lens 30 is-shown merely illustrative to designate how a headlight lens can be incorporated into the device. While lens 30 is of the circular prismatic type, it should not be indicative of an ideal arrangement, for there are many other types of lenses which are much better suited for actual service in vehicle headlights, but would be more difiicult to illustrate by a simple cross-sectional view in the drawings as shown here. Each type of headlight lens has advantages for its particular use or service, and no doubt that many of the present designed lenses could not be adapted to this vehicle headlight economically because the light from the full-beam electric lamps I, 2, and 8 is divided between two beams (see Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). On account of the two light beams from each of the lamps I 2, and 3, the best suited headlight lens for this device would have two areas dividing the entire lens in halves, whereby each area functioned as an individual lens in focal alignment with its respective light beams from lamps I, 2, and 3. In some cases to obtain certain desired results from the vehicle headlight, the lens 30 is entirely eliminated and the cover 8| has itsinner surface formed intoa lens, or is left plain as shown and attached directly on the bowl 25,- or a double faced mirrored partition is fastened vertically in 12 at the center within bowl 25.

Each of the individual vehicle headlight fullbeam electric lamps I, 2, and 3, in Fig. 1, is used independently from each other. This feature has the advantage over multiple filaments in one lamp, as each lamp can be replaced independ-" beam the most because rural roads are usually unlighted; city drivers use the near driving beam the most because the streets are usually lighted by street lights; and the drivers who park their automobiles in the highways all night long, use the parking light the most. To most of these drivers the psychlological effect of throwing away a lamp which can still be used for the other beams, proves to be a source of dissatisfaction when the new lamp is purchased. Now with an automobile headlight as shown in Fig. 1, replacement is more in harmony with the drivers ideas; and at the same time being better engineered to throw more light in front of the automobile in areas where the light is needed the most, with less light on the sides where not needed. Also the replacement of lamps I, 2, or 3, is less expensive than in those lamps which have the lamp,

reflector, and headlight lens all together in a sinlamps I, 2, and 3, can be made with the same type. of filament in each i. e. all lamps are the same or alike; also the lamps can be all lighted together which will make an abundance of light projected from the large headlight lens (Fig. 1, part 30) upon the roadway when the lamps have filaments to their maximum wattage capacity, such as aeroplane landing headlights.

Whenever the words refracting elemen or full-beam refracting element or inner fullbeam retracting element or outer full-beam refracting element or the plural elements in place of element with said words, are used herein, they are intended to mean the retracting elements shown and described herein, or in my copending applications Serial Numbers 480,420; 480,421; 480,422; 480,424 and 480,425, or any full-beam refracting element which is made with any improvement or feature described herein or therein.

Whenever the words hollow metal wire or high pressure gas" or "hermetically sealed or "final seal 'or pin-head electric lamp" are herethey are intended to have the same. meaning as described in one or more of the prein referred to,

viously mentioned patents (2,097,679; 2,137,732; 2,154,542; 2,222,093) from which this invention is a further development.

Whenever the words "convex lens or convex lens shape or convex lens cross-section are used herein to described a curve or surface, they are'intended to mean that such curve or surface has a form which resembles a convex lens or a convex lens curve; or any type of lens curve or surface which is corrected optically for spherical and chromatic aberration; or any type of curve or surface which will refract light-rays.

In view of the drawings and preceding description, it is obvious that the improvements of this invention can be usedto make many more vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamps, which can I be mounted from the rear face of a headlight lens receptacle as shown herein, other than those shown and described herein; therefore in anticipation of the manufacture of such lamps, it is a further object of this invention to extend the claims to include any electric lamp which uses one or more of the improvements described or claimed herein.

I claim:

l. A vehicle vheadlight withseveral removable full-beam electric lamps, consisting of, a receptacle oftransparent material having a headlight lens cover attached thereto, said receptacle having sockets attached thereto to hold several fullbeam electric lamps inv focusing alignment with said lens cover, said sockets providing electrical contacts and affording independent removal and insertion for said lamps from each other, said lamps projecting their light through the bottom of said receptacle and thence through said lens cover in predetermined directions.

2. A vehicle headlight full-beam electric lamp, consisting of, an electric lamp filament, lead-in wires connecting to said filament, an inner fullbeam refracting element enclosing said filament, an outer full-beam refracting element enclosing said inner element, a metal tube mounting base with an insulated electric contact plunger attached thereto, said base mounted on said outer element, said inner element provided with lens sections to gather light in nearly all directions from said filament and project the light through optical sections provided in said outer element to give the maximum light value in predetermined directions.

3. An outerfull-beam retracting element for,

an electric lamp, consisting of, two optical sections composed of light transmitting material,

' reflecting surface for light-rays radiating from the light source chamber, said light source chamber of each optical section formed with light retracting surfaces to gather the maximum light value and project the same in predetermined directions.

4. An inner full-beam refracting element for an electric lamp, consisting of, two hemispheres of light transmitting material matching together on their axial plane to form a sphere, each of said hemispheres having a recessed light source chamber formed therein from the surface of said axial plane, said light source chamber having lens sections arranged to gather light-rays and give the maximum light value in predetermined directions.

5. An inner full-beam refracting elementfor an electric lamp, consisting of, two bodies composed of light transmitting material, each of said bodies being nearly hemispherical and matching together on their axial plane surfacesto form nearly 'a sphere, a light source chamber, is recessed in each of said bodies from said axial plane surface, said light source chamber arranged with optical retracting surfaces to gather light-rays from near the center of said chamber and project the same to give a maximum light value in predetermined directions.

HAROLD SWANSON. 

